AP Physics C: Mechanics · Unit 3: Work, Energy, and Power · Lesson 3.2

Guided Practice: Work

🧭 Guided Practice
Pick an essential knowledge statement, then step through worked examples one move at a time.
3.2.A.1Concept

Work is the amount of energy transferred into or out of a system by a force exerted on that system over a distance. The work done by a conservative force is path-independent and zero over any closed loop — potential energies are associated only with conservative forces. The work done by a nonconservative force (most commonly friction or air resistance) is path-dependent.

ExampleIs the force conservative?1 / 3

A box slides down a frictionless curved ramp from a height h to the ground. (a) Does the normal force do work on the box? (b) Is gravity, which does do work here, a conservative or nonconservative force? (c) Would the work done by gravity change if the ramp had a different shape but the same start and end heights?

Try it on paper first, then reveal each step to check your work.

Step 1 — The normal force
The normal force is always perpendicular to the ramp's surface — and therefore perpendicular to the box's motion along the ramp — so it does no work on the box.
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